Portal:Health and fitness

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The Health and Fitness Portal

The most widely accepted definition of good health is that of the World Health Organization Constitution. It states that "health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" (World Health Organization, 1946). In more recent years, this statement has been amplified to include the ability to lead a "socially and economically productive life". The WHO definition is not without criticism, mainly that it is too broad. Some argue that health cannot be defined as a state at all, but must be seen as a process of continuous adjustment to the changing demands of living and of the changing meanings we give to life. It is a dynamic concept. the WHO definition is therefore considered by many as an idealistic goal rather than a realistic proposition. Using the WHO definition, 70-95% of people are classified as unhealthy. In spite of the above limitations, the concept of health as defined by WHO is broad and positive in its implications. It sets out a high standard for positive health. It represents the overall goal that nations should strive to reach.

The most solid aspects of wellness that fit firmly in the realm of medicine are the environmental health, nutrition, disease prevention, and public health matters that can be investigated and assist in measuring well-being.

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Selected fitness article

Physical fitness is an attribute required for service in virtually all militaries.
Physical fitness is an attribute required for service in virtually all militaries.

The notion of physical fitness is used in two close meanings.

General fitness

In its most general meaning, physical fitness is a general state of good physical health. A physically handicapped person's body may be physically fit (healthy), though its ability is likely to be less than optimum.

Physical fitness is usually a result of regular physical activity and proper nutrition.

Physical fitness is often divided into three types:

Task-oriented fitness

A person may be said to be physically fit to perform a particular task with a reasonable efficiency, for example, fit for military service.

Military-style

In recent years, Military-style fitness training programs have become increasingly popular among civilians. Courses are available all over the US and Europe.

They are usually taught by ex-military personnel. Very often the instructors held highly regarded positions within various military organizations. Often the instructors were formerly Drill instructors, Special Forces Operatives or held otherwise distinguished positions.

These courses always have some common elements. They often focus on military style calisthenics and group runs. The courses are often held very early in the morning and will meet in almost any weather. Students can expect push-ups, sit-ups, pullups, and jumping jacks, as well as more obscure drills such as flutter kicks, sun worshippers and flares. Almost invariably a workout will include short runs while longer runs are more scheduled. Special forces are renowned for their level of fitness and intensity of their workouts.

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Selected nutrition article

A healthy diet is a diet which contains a balanced amount of nutrients, varied food, and minimal amounts of sugar, fat, and salt. Healthy eating is identical to a healthy diet, in that it relates to the practice of food intake for healthy living. Governments often use this term to refer to the ideal diet which the average person requires to remain healthy.

Healthy diet

Despite popular belief, a reliance on a single food which composes the majority of a diet is indicative of poor eating habits. An individual on such a diet may be prone to deficiency and most certainly will not be fulfilling the Recommended Nutrient Intake.

While plants, vegetables, and fruits are known to help reduce the incidence of chronic disease[1], the benefits on health posed by plant-based foods, as well as the percentage on which a diet needs to be plant-based in order to have health benefits, is unknown. Nevertheless, plant-based food diets in society and between nutritionist circles are linked to health and longevity, as well as contributing to lowering cholesterol, weight loss, and, in some cases, stress reduction. [2]

Although a number of preconceptions of a healthy diet center around plant-based foods, the majority of assumptions about foods which are usually thought of as "bad" foods are usually correct, apart from the assumption that there are "bad" foods; many people associate dishes such as Full English cooked Breakfast and Bacon Sandwiches as foods which if eaten regularly can contribute to cholesterol, fat, and heart problems.

Definition

A healthy diet is usually defined as a diet in which nutrient intake is maintained, and cholesterol, salt, sugar, and fat are reduced. The idea of a healthy diet is something used by a government to ensure that people are as well "protected" against common illnesses and conditions which stem from poor diet. This could include headaches, lessened sexual drive, heart disease, alcohol poisoning, or obesity.[3]

The definition of a healthy diet is sometimes also thought of as a diet which will combat or prevent illness. Although the majority of people would support this definition, few know why other than because "bad" foods are not consumed. People with healthy diets are less likely to succumb to common minor illnesses, such as lesser forms of Influenza, mainly because consumption of a healthy diet would provide ample nutrients and energy for the body, so as to help stave off such illnesses. Similarly, the healthy diet can also be used this way to aid the body during illness. The myth of "feed a cold, starve a fever" is a common misconception among the public, particularly in the United Kingdom. This is a myth in every sense of the word because providing the body with nutrients during illness is actually beneficial - nutrient and energy stores would be replenished, allowing for more energy to be used by the body to combat illness.

The importance at present of a Healthy diet is something which is actually receiving many promotions throughout several countries due to obesity epidemics. Governments, particularly in the United Kingdom, through the advice of the Department of Health, introduced a public health white paper to parliament, CM 6374, which aimed to deal with the issues presented by particularly imported culture - cigarettes, alcohol and fast food all being produced in their majority in the United States, or by US-based companies. [4]

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Selected biochemistry article

Cholesterol

Cholesterol is a steroid, a lipid, and an alcohol, found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. Most cholesterol is not dietary in origin, it is synthesized internally. Cholesterol is present in higher concentrations in tissues which either produce more or have more densely-packed membranes, for example, the liver, spinal cord, brain and atheroma. Cholesterol plays a central role in many biochemical processes, but is best known for the association of cardiovascular disease with various lipoprotein cholesterol transport patterns in the blood.

The name originates from the Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid), as researchers first identified cholesterol (C27H45OH) in solid form in gallstones.

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    Health and fitness news

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    Quotes

    %u201CBe careful about reading health books. You may die of a misprint.%u201D

    %u2014 Mark Twain

    %u201CHuman life needs superhuman health.%u201D

    - Leonid S. Sukhorukov

    "I used to eat a lot of natural foods until I learned that most people die of natural causes."

    - Jo Brand

    "An apple a day keeps the doctor away."

    "No pain, no gain."

    "Do not spend health to gain money, and then, do not spend money to regain health"

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    Selected biography

    Linus Carl Pauling (February 28, 1901 %u2013 August 19, 1994) was an American quantum chemist and biochemist, widely regarded as the premier chemist of the twentieth century. Pauling was a pioneer in the application of quantum mechanics to chemistry, and in 1954 was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work describing the nature of chemical bonds. He also made important contributions to crystal and protein structure determination, and was one of the founders of molecular biology. Pauling received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962 for his campaign against above-ground nuclear testing, becoming only one of four people in history to individually receive two Nobel Prizes. Later in life, he became an advocate for regular consumption of massive doses of Vitamin C. Pauling coined the term "orthomolecular" to refer to the practice of varying the concentration of substances normally present in the body to prevent and treat disease, and promote health.

    Pauling was first introduced to the concept of high-dose vitamin C by biochemist Irwin Stone in 1966 and began taking several grams every day to prevent colds. Excited by the results, he researched the clinical literature and published "Vitamin C and the Common Cold" in 1970. He began a long clinical collaboration with the British cancer surgeon, Ewan Cameron, MD [5] in 1971 on the use of intravenous and oral vitamin C as cancer therapy for terminal patients. Cameron and Pauling wrote many technical papers and a popular book, "Cancer and Vitamin C", that discussed their observations. He later collaborated with the Canadian physician, Abram Hoffer, MD, PhD,[6] on a micronutrient regimen, including high-dose vitamin C, as adjunctive cancer therapy.

    The selective toxicity of vitamin C for cancer cells has been demonstrated repeatedly in cell culture studies. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences [7] recently published a paper demonstrating vitamin C killing cancer cells. As of 2005, some physicians have called for a more careful reassessment of vitamin C, especially intravenous vitamin C, in cancer treatment.

    With two colleagues, Pauling founded the Institute of Orthomolecular Medicine in Menlo Park, California, in 1973, which was soon renamed the Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine. Pauling directed research on vitamin C, but also continued his theoretical work in chemistry and physics until his death in 1994. In his last years, he became especially interested in the possible role of vitamin C in preventing atherosclerosis and published three case reports on the use of lysine and vitamin C to relieve angina pectoris. In 1996, the Linus Pauling Institute moved from Palo Alto, California, to Corvallis, Oregon, to become part of Oregon State University, where it continues to conduct research on micronutrients, phytochemicals (chemicals from plants), and other constituents of the diet in preventing and treating disease.

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    Topics   (all)

    Main articles: Health, Self-care, and Health science

    General  %u2013 Environmental health %u2022 Health care %u2022 Health disparities %u2022 Health education %u2022 Health profession %u2022 Mental health %u2022 Population health %u2022 Preventive medicine %u2022 Public health

    Self-care %u2013 Body Composition %u2022 General Fitness Training %u2022 Life extension %u2022 Longevity %u2022 Physical fitness

    Nutrition %u2013 Bodybuilding nutrition %u2022 Calorie restriction %u2022 Dietary supplements (Amino acids, Bodybuilding supplement, Minerals, Nootropics, Nutraceuticals, Nutrients, Vitamins) %u2022 Diet (nutrition) %u2022 Dieting %u2022 Healthy diet %u2022 Healthy eating %u2022 Healthy eating pyramid
    Physical exercise %u2013 Stretching %u2022 Warming up %u2022 Training effect %u2022 Exercise intensity %u2022 Exercise equipment %u2022 Exercise machines %u2022 Overtraining %u2022 Sport %u2022 Sport agility
    Aerobic exercise %u2013 Aerobics %u2022 Cycling %u2022 Exercise equipment %u2022 Exercise machines %u2022 Jumping rope %u2022 Running %u2022 Swimming %u2022 Walking
    Anaerobics %u2013 Bodyweight exercise %u2022 Calisthenics %u2022 Circuit training %u2022 Weight training %u2022 Weight training exercises
    Sports training %u2013 Altitude training %u2022 Boxing training %u2022 Brick workouts %u2022 Complex training %u2022 Cross training %u2022 Grip srength training %u2022 Heart zone training %u2022 Interval training %u2022 Long Slow Distance %u2022 Strength training %u2022 Weight training
    Hygiene %u2013 Cleanliness %u2022 Oral hygiene %u2022 Sleep hygiene  %u2022 Occupational hygiene

    Health science %u2013 Nutrition %u2022 Optometry %u2022 Pharmacy %u2022 Physiotherapy %u2022 Public health %u2022 Speech-Language Pathology

    Medicine %u2013 Midwifery %u2022 Nursing %u2022 Veterinary medicine %u2022 Complementary and alternative medicine
    Dentistry %u2013 Dental hygiene and Epidemiology %u2022 Dental surgery %u2022 Endodontics %u2022 Orthodontics %u2022 Oral and maxillofacial surgery %u2022 Pedodontics (Pediatric dentistry) %u2022 Periodontics %u2022 Prosthodontics %u2022 Implantology
    Human medicine %u2013 Cardiology %u2022 Endocrinology and Diabetology %u2022 Epidemiology %u2022 Forensics %u2022 Geriatrics %u2022 Hematology %u2022 Internal medicine %u2022 Health science %u2022 Nephrology %u2022 Neurology %u2022 Neurosurgery %u2022 Oncology %u2022 Orthopedic surgery %u2022 Pathology %u2022 Pediatrics %u2022 Psychiatry (see also: Anti-psychiatry*) %u2022 Rheumatology %u2022 Surgery %u2022 Urology
    Illness  %u2013 Aging %u2022 Alcoholism %u2022 Atrophy %u2022 Deficiency disease %u2022 Depression %u2022 Disease %u2022 Diseases of affluence %u2022 Disorders (types) %u2022 Drug abuse %u2022 Eating disorder %u2022 Foodborne illness %u2022 Malnutrition %u2022 Obesity %u2022 Overtraining %u2022 Senescence %u2022 Smoking
    Life extension  %u2013 Calorie restriction %u2022 Cryonics %u2022 DNA repair %u2022 Engineered negligible senescence %u2022 Human enhancement %u2022 Longevity %u2022 Maximum lifespan %u2022 Orthomolecular medicine %u2022 Posthuman %u2022 Preventive medicine %u2022 Procreative beneficence %u2022 Rejuvenation %u2022 Transhumanism
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    Health %u2022 Exercise %u2022 Health science %u2022 Nutrition

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    Health %u2022 Health science %u2022 Exercise %u2022 Life extension %u2022 List of sex positions

    Medicine %u2022 Commonly Used Acronyms in Healthcare %u2022 Abbreviations (for medical oranizations and personnel) %u2022 Alternative medicine %u2022 Anatomy %u2022 Drugs %u2022 Medicinal properties %u2022 Neuroscience %u2022 Obstetrics %u2022 Psychiatric drugs (by condition treated) %u2022 psychotherapies %u2022 Reference ranges for common blood tests %u2022 Sexology %u2022 Surgical procedures %u2022 Symptoms
    Diseases %u2022 AIDS %u2022 Diabetes %u2022 Disabilities %u2022 Genetic disorders %u2022 infectious diseases %u2022 Mental illnesses  %u2022 Notifiable diseases %u2022 Neurological disorders
    Nutrition %u2022 Antioxidants in food %u2022 B vitamins %u2022 Diets %u2022 Fish %u2022 Food additives (Codex Alimentarius) %u2022 Fruit %u2022 Herbs %u2022 List of macronutrients %u2022 Meat %u2022 Micronutrients %u2022 Nootropics (smart drugs) %u2022 Poor nutrition %u2022 Seafood %u2022 Seeds %u2022 Spices %u2022 Vegetables
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